Malicious code also includes spyware, which are deceptive programs, installed without authorization, “that monitor a consumer’s activities without their consent.” Spyware can be used to send users unwanted popup ads, to usurp the control of a user’s Internet browser, or to monitor a user’s online habits.
In essence it is any “hardware, software, or firmware that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose.” Commonly referred to as malware it includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, keyloggers, BOTs, Rootkits, and any software security exploits. Malicious code is a broad category that encompasses a number of threats to cyber-security. 1.7.12 Communications Interference Statutes.1.7.6 Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act.1.7.5 Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft.1.7.3 The Electronic Communications Privacy Act.1.7.2 The Digital Millennium Copyright Act.1.5.1 Counter-Terror Social Network Analysis and Intent Recognition.Ī number of countermeasures exist that can be effectively implemented in order to combat cyber-crime and increase security. In 2013 there was a 91% increase in targeted attack campaigns and a 62% increase in security breaches. Recently there has been an increase in the number of international cyber attacks. Ī cyber countermeasure is defined as an action, process, technology, device, or system that serves to prevent or mitigate the effects of a cyber attack against a victim, computer, server, network or associated device. The international legal system is attempting to hold actors accountable for their actions, with the International Criminal Court among the few addressing this threat. On the global level, both governments and non-state actors continue to grow in importance, with the ability to engage in such activities as espionage, and other cross-border attacks sometimes referred to as cyber warfare. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, identity theft, child pornography, and child grooming. Netcrime refers, more precisely, to criminal exploitation of the Internet. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. ( August 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭyber crime, or computer crime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
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